Fibroid Management

Your periods have turned scary with hourly pad changes, heavy clots, and that faint, drained feeling that comes with blood loss. Your abdomen feels swollen, anaemia leaves you tired all the time, sex is uncomfortable, and you’re urinating often because of pressure on the bladder.

Uterine fibroids (also called leiomyomas or myomas) are non-cancerous growths made of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in or on the uterus. They can be tiny or large enough to enlarge the uterus.

Fibroids are categorised by location:

Intramural fibroids: Within the uterine muscle wall (most common type)
Subserosal fibroids: Growing outward from the uterus into the pelvis
Submucosal fibroids: Growing inward into the uterine cavity
Pedunculated fibroids: Attached to the uterus by thin stalks

Submucosal fibroids, even when small, cause heavy bleeding and fertility problems, whilst large subserosal fibroids may cause no menstrual symptoms.

Causes of Uterine Fibroids:

Fibroids start when a single smooth muscle cell in the uterus begins multiplying more than it should. Hormones, especially oestrogen and progesterone, fuel growth, which is why fibroids are most active during reproductive years and often shrink after menopause.

Genetics matter too; fibroids commonly run in families, so a mother or sister with fibroids raises your risk. Risk also increases with age (often peaking in the 40s), higher body weight, early periods, not having been pregnant, and lifestyle factors like frequent alcohol and a red-meat-heavy diet.

Uterine Fibroid Symptoms:

Many women have fibroids and never know it; these growths are often found incidentally on an exam or scan. But when symptoms appear, they can be hard to ignore.

Heavy Bleeding:

Periods may become very heavy or prolonged, with flooding, large clots, or bleeding beyond seven days. Over time, this can lead to anaemia, fatigue, dizziness, breathlessness, and feeling drained throughout the month.

Pelvic Pressure and Pain:

Larger fibroids can create heaviness in the pelvis, lower back ache, leg discomfort, or pain during sex. Sudden sharp pain can happen if a fibroid degenerates or a stalked fibroid twists.

Bladder and Bowel Changes:

Pressure on the bladder may cause frequent urination or difficulty emptying fully. Pressure on the rectum can lead to constipation or a constant feeling of fullness.

Abdominal Enlargement

Some fibroids enlarge the uterus enough to make the abdomen look pregnant, affecting clothing, comfort, and body confidence.

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