Gynecologic Oncology Services

An abnormal Pap smear. Bleeding after menopause. A swollen, bloated abdomen that doesn’t settle. A scan that shows a suspicious ovarian mass. And then the word that flips your world upside down: cancer… or something that needs urgent answers.

Gynaecologic cancers originate in a woman’s reproductive organs. The five main types are:

Cervical Cancer:

Starts in the cervix and is strongly linked to persistent high-risk HPV. It’s one of the most preventable cancers because screening can catch pre-cancer early.
Risk factors: persistent high-risk HPV, irregular/no screening, smoking, immunosuppression (HIV/medicines), early sexual activity, multiple partners.

Ovarian Cancer:

Begins in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or peritoneum. Symptoms can be subtle, such as bloating, pelvic discomfort, early fullness, and urinary urgency, so it’s often found late.
Risk factors: age (higher after menopause), strong family history, BRCA1/2 mutations, personal breast cancer history, endometriosis, never having been pregnant, and obesity.

Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer:

Develops in the uterine lining. The most common early warning is abnormal bleeding, especially after menopause, and early detection usually has good outcomes.
Risk factors: obesity, diabetes, PCOS, unopposed oestrogen (oestrogen without progesterone), early periods/late menopause, never pregnant, tamoxifen use, Lynch syndrome.

Vulvar Cancer:

Affects the external genital area. Often shows up as persistent itching, pain, skin changes, or a non-healing sore; symptoms that many women delay reporting.
Risk factors: HPV infection, smoking, lichen sclerosus, immunosuppression, and increasing age.

Vaginal Cancer:

Rare cancer of the vaginal lining, sometimes causing unusual bleeding, discharge, or pain.
Risk factors: HPV infection, smoking, immunosuppression, increasing age, prior cervical pre-cancer/cancer history

Warning Signs Of Gynaecological Cancers:

Abnormal bleeding: between periods, after sex, or any post-menopausal bleeding
Persistent pelvic/abdominal pain not linked to cycles
Ongoing bloating or feeling full quickly
New bladder/bowel changes: urgency, frequency, constipation
Unexplained weight loss or persistent fatigue
Vulvar itching, burning, lumps, or skin changes >2 weeks
Unusual discharge, especially blood-tinged or foul-smelling

Gynaecologic cancers behave differently, so spotting patterns early and acting on symptoms or screening changes can shift outcomes. Most signs are benign, but they still deserve timely evaluation by a gynaecologic oncologist in Surat. Early specialist assessment can make all the difference.

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